Between 5th century and 11th century, the cities of the western half of the Roman Empire underwent invasions, famines, plagues and economic hardship.The churches, hospitals, monasteries and castles built all over the Europe after the millennium represented an optimistic architectural expression of a progressive social order.Christian monasteries be left the most inspired expression of European. It became more important and designed like a city.in the Byzantine sources, the marble columns in the upper galleries, spolia dragged across Europe form Roman sites, reached up directly into the intrados of the arches without a mediating turntable. This contradicted both the structural and grammatical logic of columns and arches.Charlemagne’s palace is buily with multi-cultural architectural styles.For instance, the court borrowed from Byzantine and palace organization was taken from Constantine. Columns and arches are similitaries between  Great Mosque of Cordoba and Christian architecture. The designers pursued a local interpretation of a well-known Roman precedent, using three arches flanked with classical half columns capped with an attic story with pilasters.

I’m going to share my bodies report to me:

BURAK AĞBULUT’s JURY REPORT 

In Burak’s design, his main strategy is using horizontal direction to the horizon. And also, he want to prevent wind and protect vista. In his case, there are 3 main spaces which are 2 big, 1 small part. He use small part to combine the other big parts. He also use topography and there are level differences. On the other hand he got some critics from juries. Juries criticised that his spaces look like building. They also said that design got better if roof was different or did not use on spaces. Because using roof is broke his strategy. In his design, there are slits which are coming from Cappadocia and according to juries, that was good point but it was not working in his condition. Moreover all interior conditions are not really working but there are relation between them. However, there is no exterior conditions. Also spatial relations are weak because all composition is related between intersecting 3 main spaces.

My oppinions and what I acquired;

My model is looking like a building, I guess I should break that. The Jury says the model is so enclosed and like a building but they say for this course we are working on experiences from human. The architectural elements are good in the model; there are walls, columns, opennings etc. I diverse the model with 3 different main spaces, the 3 different zones act differently; first ine is merges on the slope area, the socond one is actually work like a connection space and it doesn’t touch the ground and the third one is located on the flat area. Actually I tried to make a harmony betwythese spaces with scales and the last one was the largest one which opens the largest area(tuz golu), nature. While I was triying to do that, I made relations in the third main space weakly because jury didn’t like the part and they said work on it more. I will work on it and try to break the view of building.

These are concept models on topography. That model is scaled 1/500. It shows direction of developing and location differences. That models consists of 3 main parts. It’s divirsing like that The first one is on the slope area as merged, the second one doesn’t touch the ground and tha last one is located on the flat area. There is harmony in the model to adapt the largest space of Nature,Tuz Golu.

That model is detail model to see relations clearly.There are slits to provide light and visuality.

  In front of the openings, seats exist. 

The model is created according to human scale. Human is getting experiences according to scales. The heights are changing and the openings are divirsing.

That drawing is 1/500 scaled and it shows concept of my model and how it is developed.

That drawing is 1/20000 scaled and it defines the rotation of sun and wind where it comes.

These are relations in model how they work. Scale defines the movement of human. Scale also provides directions.

These diagrams shows that there is a direction of movement to horizon. While the model is breaking that diriction by spaces, it also provides visual relation with horizon. That model protects vista of horizon.

These are particular relations in the model. Slits provide light and visualty. There are partitional walls in the model.

Mosques have hypes typically structures likewise with past religious spaces. Mosques have minarets. Minarets are slender tower and they are for muezzin. Muezzin is the man who call people to pray together. Therefore, minarets are too high to reach people easily. Inside of mosques are shaped as per the qibla. The mosques make out of various utilitarian parts and have multi edumned prayer halls. The architects turned its four symmetrical puts entryways with 45 degree from cardinal focuses so southwest door indicated Mecca. Baghdad means city of peace and the city is located around Tigris River. Early Baghdad had two major cross axial streets. The biggest mosque before 400 years is the Samara Mosque. The Great Mosque of Samara is in the Samara City,Iraq near by Tigres River. The mosque has a rectangular design.
The Great Mosque Aleppo

The Great Mosque Samarra, Iraq

In India, they mostly constructed temples, bridges, buildings according to rock-cut method. In the temples, they used light as functional term because buildings are stone and enclosed that’s why inside if them were so dark.
China architecture is developed according to religions beliefs, religion and beliefs are important when designers plan the cities.We see the similarities when we compere architectures if India and China, both of their architecture is according to religios beliefs.

                 Religion is an importamt sitition for architecture.In the past, people did architecture for religion, as well.Christianity was the offical religion in Rome. People of Rome created church.In the Constantine which is The First Christian Emperor had streets were lined with colonnades, which instead of an entablature carried a series of arches. Diocletian’s architects inserted an arch into the pediment between the two central columns, creating a fastigium, a stage-like space, for the imperial appearances.Churches appeared modest and unassuming on their exteriors.Only their interiors, brimming with mosaics, painting and marble colonnades marked that design with a strong design skill.

Most ancient cultures only created a few buildings of high quality to represent religious or political ideas.Temples,collonned streets,markets,theaters bats etc were some structures which are built in Ancient Rome. Mediterranean were  both well served and beautifully furnished with colonnaded  structures. The ethnic diversity of Rome’s subjects ranged from highly cultured city dwellers of Aegean,Southwest Asia and Egypt to unlettered to west Europe.To improve quality of life, they built roads, public baths ad markets. The colonnades supported concrete barrel vaults to connected retaining walls.The political space of Roman Forum took shape in the valley bounded by four of the seven hills. The Roman Forum tightly enclosed by large coll0nnaded in about third of area. Vitruvus  wrote roman architectural theory. His principles of beauty comprehended a system on a harmonic proportions, rational design layout and decorative use of classical orders(system of columns) .Colosseum Interior is a wonderful structure of Rome.AN immense is 33m high fire wall wrapped the rear boundary of the new forum.It’s huge block of gray tufa stone protected the precinct from visual and social chaos neighboring Subura district the densest and poorest in the city.The Domus Aurea had more than 100 rooms.Domitan’s architect , Rabirus divided the place two different zones. The nort of that building is public area.Visitors enters through one of three halls.

Martin Heidegger was born in Germany,and he is famous for his contributions to Phenomenology and Existentialism.Heidegger is also known thanks to  his critical contributions to conceptions of truth.He was a philosopher,and while studying theology at the University of Freiburg,he broke with Catholicism,and he wanted to switch his field of study to philosophy.He influenced by Neo-Thomism and Neo-Kantionism.His main fields in philosophy are language,poetry and how people can use language in a poetic sense.

Firstly,the book is starting by arguing whether all dwelling remains incompatible with poetic,and explaining that our dwelling is harrassed by work,switched by the entartainment and recreation industry.

Secondly,the book is questioning that ‘Do we know what the poetic is for Heidegger,and explains that there is no obvious answer for this question.Yes,because we can receive an information how poetry is to be thought of.Poetic was designed as a distinctive kind of measuring;No,because poetry becomes ever more mysterious.The book is also ending by commenting  on Earth,sky,God,humans and their mystery.

 

I produced some sketches to make strategies on area of Tuz Golu.

Sense of Time

There is a horizon end of area of Tuz Golu where we got body experiences. When we walk toward horizon, time becomes long because there is nothing to see that is why eyes do not get a target to sense the time. However, when we walk toward buildings which are located nearby area, time becomes shorter because there are objects to see and eyes can define to make target to walk to sense the time.

Tendency at Nights

In the nights, there is darkness and people choose to star around light, if we locate some lights to dark places people can go away and feel free to walk thanks to the lights.

Wind 

Wind is so strong on Tuz Golu because the area is so empty and there is nothing to make the wind slow.Wind can be a treat, actually on that area because people cannot use whatever they want; they cannot open an umbrella to protect themselves from sun, they cannot put somthing as vertical etc. To decrease wind power, we can plant trees.

Dazzle

Sunshine are so strong,too. Some places of that are has brighten too much and it limits people’s observation, it is hard to see these palces where sunlight comes and has been reflected. We can put objects or we can change texture to decrease power of sunshine.

Horizon

There is horizon as a line end of the are of Tuz Golu where we got body experiences and people walk toward that horizon. I mean the horizon makes a way as a line through that horizon. We can create buildings or something nearby that way where people deserve to walk to reach that horizon.

I created a model which represents relations of spaces in Zelve Acik Muzesi and Kapodokya,Goreme. I paid attention access between spaces, transparency, divided spaces,scales and slits. I showed these specifications in that model. Furthermore, that model speaks like that there is an opening but it is neither completely a door nor a window, it is both staircase and a partition wall.